One of the few joys in living in this materialistic, corrupt, pedestrian, dull, uninspired, shrill and superfluous epoch is watching, on seemingly a daily basis, the fundamental foundations of cosmology, the science of physics, being debunked, with every new scientific discovery; leaving physics more mystified and confused than before.
It is as if someone is jerking physics around, belittling it, and holding it up to ridicule.
Could it be God the Prankster?
This week it is MUONS playing havoc with physics.
“On Wednesday, April 7, the Muon g-2 Experiment at Fermilab released its eagerly awaited first result. In the experiment, muons (like electrons but heavier) race around the 150-foot circumference magnetic racetrack, wobbling as they go like tops slowly spinning on their axes.
Quantum mechanics allows for "virtual" subatomic particles to ever so briefly come in and out of existence and affect the wobble of muons. The Fermilab experiment measures this wobbling with more precision than ever before.The previous incarnation of this experiment, performed two decades ago at Brookhaven National Laboratory on Long Island, N.Y., measured a small discrepancy from the theoretical prediction and hints that muons were influenced by perhaps undiscovered particles.
….The first results were released during an April 7 new conference on the Muon g-2 experiment at the U.S. Department of Energy's Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory showing fundamental particles called muons behaving in a way that is not predicted by scientists' best theory, the Standard Model of particle physics.
….The strong evidence that muons deviate from the Standard Model calculation might hint at exciting new physics. Muons act as a window into the subatomic world and could be interacting with yet undiscovered particles or forces……A muon is about 200 times as massive as its cousin, the electron. Muons occur naturally when cosmic rays strike Earth's atmosphere, and particle accelerators at Fermilab can produce them in large numbers. Like electrons, muons act as if they have a tiny internal magnet. In a strong magnetic field, the direction of the muon's magnet precesses, or wobbles, much like the axis of a spinning top or gyroscope. The strength of the internal magnet determines the rate that the muon precesses in an external magnetic field and is described by a number that physicists call the g-factor. This number can be calculated with ultra-high precision.
As the muons circulate in the Muon g-2 magnet, they also interact with a quantum foam of subatomic particles popping in and out of existence. Interactions with these short-lived particles affect the value of the g-factor, causing the muons' precession to speed up or slow down very slightly. The Standard Model predicts this so-called anomalous magnetic moment extremely precisely. But if the quantum foam contains additional forces or particles not accounted for by the Standard Model, that would tweak the muon g-factor further.
"This quantity we measure reflects the interactions of the muon with everything else in the universe. But when the theorists calculate the same quantity, using all of the known forces and particles in the Standard Model, we don't get the same answer," stated Renee Fatemi, a physicist at the University of Kentucky and the simulations manager for the Muon g-2 experiment. "This is strong evidence that the muon is sensitive to something that is not in our best theory."
The accepted theoretical values for the muon are:
g-factor: 2.00233183620(86)
anomalous magnetic moment: 0.00116591810(43)
[uncertainty in parentheses]
The new experimental world-average results announced by the Muon g-2 collaboration today are:
g-factor: 2.00233184122(82)
anomalous magnetic moment: 0.00116592061(41)…..the combined results from Fermilab and Brookhaven show a difference with theory at a significance of 4.2 sigma, a little shy of the 5 sigma (or standard deviations) that scientists require to claim a discovery but still compelling evidence of new physics. The chance that the results are a statistical fluctuation is about 1 in 40,000….DAILY HERALD.”
“Muons …. are 207 times as massive as their better-known cousins. They are also unstable, decaying radioactively into electrons and super-lightweight particles called neutrinos in 2.2 millionths of a second.
W hat part muons play in the overall pattern of the cosmos is still a puzzle.
Muons owe their current fame to a quirk of quantum mechanics, the nonintuitive rules that underlie the atomic realm. Among other things, quantum theory holds that empty space is not really empty but is in fact boiling with “virtual” particles that flit in and out of existence.
“You might think that it’s possible for a particle to be alone in the world,” Dr. Polly said in a biographical statement posted by Fermilab. “But in fact, it’s not lonely at all. Because of the quantum world, we know every particle is surrounded by an entourage of other particles.”
This entourage influences the behavior of existing particles, including a property of the muon called its magnetic moment, represented in equations by a factor called g. According to a formula derived in 1928 by Paul Dirac, the English theoretical physicist and a founder of quantum theory, the g factor of a lone muon should be 2.
But muons aren’t alone, so the formula must be corrected for the quantum buzz arising from all the other potential particles in the universe. That leads the factor g for the muon to be more than 2, hence the name of the experiment: Muon g-2.
The extent to which g-2 deviates from theoretical predictions is one indication of how much is still unknown about the universe — how many monsters, as Dr. Polly put it, are lurking in the dark for physicists to discover.
……The value of g they obtained disagreed with the Standard Model’s prediction by enough to excite the imaginations of physicists — but without enough certainty to claim a solid discovery. Moreover, experts could not agree on the Standard Model’s exact prediction, further muddying hopeful waters.
……To conduct the experiment, however, they needed the 50-foot magnet racetrack from Brookhaven. And so in 2013, the magnet went on a 3,200-mile odyssey, mostly by barge, down the Eastern Seaboard, around Florida and up the Mississippi River, then by truck across Illinois to Batavia, home of Fermilab.
The magnet resembled a flying saucer, and it drew attention as it was driven south across Long Island at 10 miles per hour. “I walked along and talked to people about the science we were doing,” Dr. Polly wrote. “It stayed over one night in a Costco parking lot. Well over a thousand people came out to see it and hear about the science.”
…..The team had to accommodate another wrinkle. To avoid human bias — and to prevent any fudging — the experimenters engaged in a practice, called blinding, that is common to big experiments. In this case, the master clock that keeps track of the muons’ wobble had been set to a rate unknown to the researchers. The figure was sealed in envelopes that were locked in the offices at Fermilab and the University of Washington in Seattle.
In a ceremony on Feb. 25 that was recorded on video and watched around the world on Zoom, Dr. Polly opened the Fermilab envelope and David Hertzog from the University of Washington opened the Seattle envelope. The number inside was entered into a spreadsheet, providing a key to all the data, and the result popped out to a chorus of wows.
“That really led to a really exciting moment, because nobody on the collaboration knew the answer until the same moment,” said Saskia Charity, a Fermilab postdoctoral fellow who has been working remotely from Liverpool, England, during the pandemic.
There was pride that they had managed to perform such a hard measurement, and then joy that the results matched those from Brookhaven.( BLOGGER’S NOTE- THE WOBBLE).
“This seems to be a confirmation that Brookhaven was not a fluke,” Dr. Carena, the theorist, said. “They have a real chance to break the Standard Model.”
Physicists say the anomaly has given them ideas for how to search for new particles. ….The g-2 result, he said in an email, could set the agenda for physics in the next generation.
“If the central value of the observed anomaly stays fixed, the new particles can’t hide forever,” he said. “We will learn a great deal more about fundamental physics going forward.”….NEW YORK TIMES.”
To an astrophysicist, having a Creator create the Universe is about as baroque and unappealing as possible. More appealing is the concept Mankind is living in a self-inducedMATRIX.
On October 15, 2015, this Blogger published The "Spooky Things" in Quantum Theory are Proven:God's Speed of Information is FASTER than Einstein's Speed of Light....
The following is excerpted from that Blog;
“….Einstein was calling the unknowns beyond hidden variables in quantum theory "Spooky things", but what that latest European experiment in physics informs us is that the term spooky things applies to both physics and God.
…..The key cosmology of physics is quantum theory. As a layman, this Blogger has been studying quantum theory since 2006; and after a decade he can admit he understands barely a whisper or whimper of it. It is gobbledygook on an operatic scale, much like the Old Testament….
“Quantum theory is the theoretical basis of modern physics that explains the nature and behavior of matter and energy on the atomic and subatomic level.”
All well and good except there is a reason that it is a THEORY.
Supposedly light, the speed of light is the fastest thing in the universe, according to Einstein. However, within the quantum theory there is the worm of ENTANGLEMENT, forever interlocking the fates of subatomic particles, regardless of their separation. So if a photon on one side of the galaxy spins up, an instant later on the other side of the galaxy its twin photon will spin down
…..Suggesting that INFORMATION TRAVELS FASTER THAN LIGHT.
This was very upsetting to Einstein, because the suggestion that information travels faster than light is a no-no in his special theory of relativity.
He dismissed it as unworthy “spooky things”, and invented the concept of hidden variables. Hidden variables are mystical science, much like miracles; consider them miracles for physicists. Their sole purpose is to find an explanation within the universal speed limit of light to explain the speed of information traveling above the universal speed limit.
In 1964, a British physicist, John Bell worked out the Bell Inequality which was an equation which supposedly worked out the maximum effect hidden variables could have on any experiment in physics. Beyond his limit, physicists attributed spooky power to their results.
Last week, European physicists did a test which banned Einstein’s hidden variables from the lexicon of physics. They proved mystical things are indeed happening in the speed of information, unexplainable by any scientific mumbo jumbo like hidden variables.
….Or : “There remains, alas, one hitch that could explain all these counterintuitive findings. Just maybe, every single event that will ever be, from experimenters’ choices of the means of measurement to the choice of article you will read next, were all predetermined at the universe’s birth, and all these experiments are playing out just as predetermined…THE ECONOMIST.”
Every experiment in quantum theory is driving Mankind to the conclusion that it is all pre-determined….THE MAXEY CHRONICLES.”
On March 30, 2018, this Blogger published: Astrophysics and God-A Galaxy Exists without DARK MATTER, Which Should NOT Happen in a Godless Universe.
The following is excerpted from that Blog:
“….. Astrophysics is the easiest path to believing in the existence of God.
Lately, the only thing which astrophysics has been doing is proving the existence of a Creator, a God.
....Einstein’s spooky things are God’s mysteries; ENTANGLEMENT may well be predestination, pre- ordered by a Creator....THE MAXEY CHRONICLES."
Are the muons, God’s chosen vehicles for carrying the entanglements?
On December 22, 2020, this Blogger published the following:
"The seminal fact of modern day astrophysics is that the Universe should not exist; nothing should have survived the Big Bang because the massive amount of anti-matter released in the Big Bang, should have cleaned all matter out of Creation.
Yet somehow, out of this cauldron of Big Bang anti-matter, the matter of the Universe was created. Astrophysicists cannot explain that phenomenon.
Astrophysicists, being omnipotent scientists, reject the concept that a Creator caused the Creation of the Universe, out of the Big Bang Ocean of antimatter; however, if a Universe exists where it should not scientifically exist, the only answer is Divinity at work.
Astrophysicists are being bombarded with new discoveries of things which exist, BUT SHOULD NOT Exist.
Only the existence of a Creator explains the existence of things which should not exist, Einstein’s spooky things.
Every cosmological discovery drives Mankind deeper into Confusion. What greater evidence of God’s existence do we need?
“….the smart money is still on cosmic confusion. Michael Turner, a veteran cosmologist at the University of Chicago and the organizer of a recent airing of the Hubble tensions, said, “Indeed, all of this is going over all of our heads. We are confused and hoping that the confusion will lead to something good!”
Early dark energy appeals to some cosmologists because it hints at a link to, or between, two mysterious episodes in the history of the universe. As Dr. Riess said, “This is not the first time the universe has been expanding too fast.”
The first episode occurred when the universe was less than a trillionth of a trillionth of a second old. At that moment, cosmologists surmise, a violent ballooning propelled the Big Bang; in a fraction of a trillionth of a second, this event — named “inflation” by the cosmologist Alan Guth, of M.I.T. — smoothed and flattened the initial chaos into the more orderly universe observed today.
Nobody knows what drove inflation.
The second episode is unfolding today: cosmic expansion is speeding up. But why? The issue came to light in 1998, when two competing teams of astronomers asked whether the collective gravity of the galaxies might be slowing the expansion enough to one day drag everything together into a Big Crunch.
To great surprise, they discovered the opposite: the expansion was accelerating under the influence of an anti-gravitational force later called dark energy…..Dark energy comprises 70 percent of the mass-energy of the universe. And, spookily, it behaves very much like a fudge factor known as the cosmological constant, a cosmic repulsive force that Einstein inserted in his equations a century ago thinking it would keep the universe from collapsing under its own weight. He later abandoned the idea, perhaps too soon. Under the influence of dark energy, the cosmos is now doubling in size every 10 billion years — to what end, nobody knows.
Early dark energy, the force invoked by the Johns Hopkins group, might represent a third episode of antigravity taking over the universe and speeding it up. Perhaps all three episodes are different manifestations of the same underlying tendency of the universe to go rogue and speed up occasionally……
If so, it would mean that the current manifestation of dark energy is not Einstein’s constant after all. It might wink off one day. That would relieve astronomers, and everybody else, of an existential nightmare regarding the future of the universe. If dark energy remains constant, everything outside our galaxy eventually will be moving away from us faster than the speed of light, and will no longer be visible. The universe will become lifeless and utterly dark.
But if dark energy is temporary — if one day it switches off — cosmologists and metaphysicians can all go back to contemplating a sensible tomorrow.
…..far from switching off, the dark energy currently in the universe actually has
increased over cosmic time,….. If this keeps up, the universe could end one day in what astronomers call the Big Rip, with atoms and elementary particles torn asunder — perhaps the ultimate cosmic catastrophe.
…One interpretation of the results is that dark energy is not constant after all, but is changing, growing denser and thus stronger over cosmic time. It so happens that this increase in dark energy also would be just enough to resolve the discrepancy in measurements of the Hubble constant.
The bad news is that, if this model is right, dark energy may be in a particularly virulent and — most physicists say — implausible form called phantom energy….”
As the universe expands, the push from phantom energy would grow without bounds, eventually overcoming gravity and tearing apart first Earth, then atoms…………NEW YORK TIMES.”
The Big Rip, the Big Crunch, the Big Bang, spooky things, cosmic entanglement, information traveling faster than light,(which implies predestination, which implies John Calvin was the greatest astrophysicist ever), Black holes devouring neutron stars, …astrophysics is in A TOTAL STATE OF CONFUSION; cosmology is in a total state of confusion.
....This Blogger believes that Cosmology is God playing games with sentient Mankind, much to his delight. The Psychology of God. What this Blogger finds fascinating yet disturbing is that God seems to be accelerating the confusion of cosmology. Is that acceleration a sign of the End Time?....THE MAXEY CHRONICLES.”
Americans viewing the magnet race track which discovered the MUON g-2 wobble
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